By Catherine Shaffer, Ph.D.Reviewed by Chloe Barnett, BSc Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that are believed to play a role in communication between cells by transporting materials inside the vesicle. Credit: Alex_Traksel/Shutterstock.com Exosomes are released from cells upon fusion with an intermediate endocytic compartment, or a multivesicular body (MVB). When the MVB fuses with the plasma membrane surrounding...
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UCV researchers discover the influence of exosomes on age-related macular degeneration
Reviewed by Alina Shrourou, BSc Researchers of the Neurobiology and Neurophysiology team of the Medicine Faculty at Valencia Catholic University (UCV), headed by Jorge Bacia, have discovered that exosomes – microscopic extracellular vesicles that are released by all cells – from the retinal pigment epithelium lead to cases of neovascularization, a finding which could be closely...
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Hsp90 protein appears to stimulate exosome release
Reviewed by Alina Shrourou, BSc Novel role for widely studied heat-shock protein Researchers from the Verstreken lab (VIB-KU Leuven) have identified a completely novel function for Hsp90, one of the most common and most studied proteins in our body. In addition to its well-known role as a protein chaperone, Hsp90 stimulates exosome release. These findings shed...
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Exosomes from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells prevent cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by oxidative stress
Zhi Liu, Yueqiao Xu, Yungao Wan, Jing Gao, Yanyan Chu & Jing Li Abstract Exosomes from bone marrow stem cells or cardiac progenitor cells can reduce apoptosis in myocardial cells after ischemia and reperfusion injury. However, there is little known about the effects of exosomes from adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), which are more abundant and have...
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miRNA profiling of urinary exosomes to assess the progression of acute kidney injury
Hiroko Sonoda, Byung Rho Lee, Ki-Hoon Park, Deepak Nihalani, Je-Hyun Yoon, Masahiro Ikeda& Sang-Ho Kwon Abstract Because exosomes have gained attention as a source of biomarkers, we investigated if miRNAs in exosomes (exo-miRs) can report the disease progression of organ injury. Using rat renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) as a model of acute kidney injury (AKI),...
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Sleep problems, Alzheimer’s disease are linked, but which comes first?
Rockville, Md. (March 22, 2019)–A new article explores the pathophysiological factors that link sleep disturbances and Alzheimer’s disease. Better understanding of this connection may lead to potential diagnostics and therapeutics for Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative diseases and dementia. The article is published ahead of print in the Journal of Neurophysiology (JNP). Alzheimer’s research has largely focused on the presence...
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UTSW researchers identify new mechanism to reduce inflammation
CREDIT: UT SOUTHWESTERN DALLAS – March 21, 2019 – UT Southwestern researchers have identified two proteins that act as gatekeepers to dampen a potentially life-threatening immune response to chronic infection. IMAGE: DR. ZIXU LIU view more CREDIT: UT SOUTHWESTERN The proteins – the transcription factors SIX1 and SIX2 – activate cellular pathways required for fetal development and later switch to...
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Could the bacteria in our gut help treat cancer?
by Cancer Research UK Our body is home to around 39 trillion bacteria, with the majority living in the gut. Credit: Cancer Research UK”The microbiome is a huge part of who we are,” says Dr. Marios Giannakis. “We have more microbes in our bodies than human cells and yet we still don’t fully understand the role they play in health and disease.”...
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Space technology can help patients walk around their neighborhood
by Purdue University Stephen Scott is now able to stand longer and walk longer distances thanks to a new therapy being developed by Purdue researchers to treat peripheral artery disease. Credit: Mark Simons/Purdue University The countdown and final checklist review happen every morning for Stephen Scott. He gets up in the early morning hours to make his coffee....
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A billion years of evolution suggests a new approach for Alzheimer’s disease treatment
by Royal Holloway, University of London Credit: CC0 Public Domain New research by academics at Royal Holloway, University of London, urges scientists that are looking to finding a cure for Alzheimer’s disease to focus on the role of proteins in the brain that cause Alzheimer’s disease. This change in focus could enable the development of new treatments. It...