by Peter Grad, Tech Xplore We aim to build a foundation model for segmentation by introducing three interconnected components: a promptable segmentation task, a segmentation model (SAM) that powers data annotation and enables zero-shot transfer to a range of tasks via prompt engineering, and a data engine for collecting SA-1B, our dataset of over 1...
By Neha Mathur Apr 9 2023 Reviewed by Danielle Ellis, B.Sc. In a recent study published in the Journal of the Alzheimer’s Association (AA), researchers examined the effects of a low-carbohydrate-modified Mediterranean ketogenic diet (MMKD) on the gut microbiome and metabolome of patients at risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Study: Effects of a ketogenic and low-fat diet on the...
UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON SCHOOL OF MEDICINE/UW MEDICINE IMAGE: POSTDOCTORAL FELLOW SILVIA MARCHIANO AND RESEARCH SCIENTIST HANS REINECKE LOOK AT CARDIAC STEM CELLS IN CHUCK MURRY’S LAB AT THE UW MEDICINE INSTITUTE FOR STEM CELL AND REGENERATIVE MEDICINE RESEARCH IN SEATTLE CREDIT: MICHAEL MCCARTHY Researchers at the University of Washington School of Medicine in Seattle have engineered...
by Andrew J. Yawn, Tulane University Metabolism of folate and folic acid through the one-carbon pathway. DHFR: dihydrofolate reductase; THF: tetrahydrofolate; 5–10 MTHF: 5–10 methylene tetrahydrofolate; MTHFR: methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase; 5-MTHF: 5-methyl tetrahydrofolate; Vit B12: Vitamin B12, a cofactor for methionine synthase. Credit: Heliyon (2023). DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15387 Tulane University researchers have discovered a possible genetic cause for hypermobility (commonly known as...
by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory An up-close look at a mouse’s liver; the cells with dark centers were turned cancerous using a new gene-editing strategy devised by Semir Beyaz’s lab. Credit: Beyaz lab/Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Mutations in our genes can lead to severe problems, like colon or liver cancer. But cancer is very complex. Mutations...
by Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Credit: Pixabay/CC0 Public Domain Like the better-known prostate-specific antigen (PSA), prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a biomarker that can tell physicians much about a patient’s metastatic prostate cancer. PSMA is a protein on the cell surface of most prostate cancers; scanning for it with positron emission tomography (PET) can indicate where...
by Liu Jia, Chinese Academy of Sciences Intratumoral NK cells lack abundant membrane protrusions. Credit: Nature Immunology (2023). DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01462-9 A team has revealed the key mechanism of the loss of membrane protrusions on intratumoral natural killer (NK) cells, which impairs their ability to recognize and kill tumor cells, providing a new strategy for NK cell-based immunotherapy. This...
by University of Michigan Credit: Pixabay/CC0 Public Domain A recently developed amino acid compound successfully treats nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in non-human primates—bringing scientists one step closer to the first human treatment for the condition that is rapidly increasing around the world, a study suggests. Researchers at Michigan Medicine developed DT-109, a glycine-based tripeptide, to treat the...
by American Heart Association Credit: Unsplash/CC0 Public Domain More than half of all preeclampsia cases that occur during weeks 37-42 of pregnancy (at-term) may be prevented with timed birth, such as a scheduled induction or Cesarean delivery, according to new research published today in Hypertension. Preeclampsia is the most dangerous form of high blood pressure (≥140/90 mm Hg) during pregnancy,...
by Tokyo University of Science Mouse model of familial colorectal adenomatosis (ApcMin) showing significantly fewer colonic polyps in Dectin-1-deficient (Clec7a–/–) mice; B. Polyps show reduced expression of PGE2 synthase (Cox2). In vitro, Cox2 expression is induced in myeloid cells by curdlan—a high-molecular-weight β-glucan—and conversely inhibited by laminarin—a low-molecular-weight β-glucan; C. Increased IL-22BP expression in Clec7a–/– mice;...
