Abstract
In this work, sub-millimeter-sized magnetite porous single crystals were found to exhibit unique superparamagnetism rather than the known ferrimagnetism. This superparamagnetism was intimately related to the hydrothermal formation process, during which high lattice stress of ca. 6 GPa and large lattice strain of ca.
would change the exchange constants of α, β, and ν to concurrently meet criterions of (i) , (ii) , and (iii) . These criterions, deduced from the molecular-field theory, were proposed to be the general transition conditions for any ferrimagnetic material exhibiting superparamagnetism when their size was beyond their superparamagnetic size limit.