by Radiological Society of North America
Images show exemplary coronal sections of phase-resolved functional lung MRI defect maps in a pediatric participant with post–COVID-19 condition (PCC) and cardiopulmonary symptoms and a healthy control patient. Credit: Radiological Society of North America (RSNA)
An advanced type of MRI uncovers significant lung abnormalities in children and adolescents with long COVID, according to a study published in Radiology.
Post-COVID-19 condition, commonly known as long COVID, can affect individuals of all ages and is diagnosed when symptoms persist for more than 12 weeks after an initial COVID-19 infection. Children and adolescents typically experience a milder form of the condition, but common symptoms such as chronic fatigue, headaches and poor concentration can negatively impact school performance and social activities.
While chest CT is frequently used to diagnose and monitor lung function of adults with long COVID, it is not typically recommended in children because it exposes the patient to ionizing radiation and may require injection of a contrast agent.
Young patients with suspected long COVID are typically evaluated with pulmonary function tests, echocardiography and reviews of medical history. Unfortunately, conventional pulmonary tests often show normal lung and cardiac function, even in symptomatic patients.
“Parents should understand that their children’s persistent symptoms after COVID-19 may have a measurable physiological basis, even when standard medical tests appear normal,” said lead study author Gesa H. Pöhler, M.D., a senior physician in the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology at Hannover Medical School in Germany.
Images show exemplary coronal sections of phase-resolved functional lung MRI ventilation and perfusion maps in a 15-year-old female participant with post–COVID-19 condition (PCC) and in a sex- and age-matched healthy control participant. Credit: Radiological Society of North America (RSNA)
The researchers employed phase-resolved functional lung (PREFUL) MRI. This advanced MRI technology can analyze lung ventilation (air movement in and out of the lungs) and perfusion (blood flow through the lungs). PREFUL MRI doesn’t require the use of radiation or intravenous contrast agents and can be done while the patient breathes freely, making it a suitable procedure for children.
“Our research provides the first comprehensive evidence of measurable regional lung perfusion abnormalities in pediatric post-COVID-19 conditions using radiation-free, contrast-free lung imaging,” Dr. Pöhler said.
For the prospective study, conducted between April 2022 and 2023, the researchers enrolled 54 patients ranging in age from 11 to 17 years. Half of the patients were diagnosed with long COVID, and the other half were healthy controls. A self-reported assessment called the bell score was used to assess symptom severity in patients with long COVID.
Compared to healthy controls, children and adolescents with long COVID had significantly reduced blood flow in the lungs. A reduction in blood flow patterns in organs or other areas of the body can result in a lack of sufficient oxygen and nutrients.
The most prevalent symptom of fatigue affected all but one patient with long COVID.
Dorsal, medial, and ventral phase-resolved functional lung MRI perfusion maps show distinct perfusion phenotypes related to the severity of chronic fatigue assessed with the Bell score in three participants with post–COVID-19 condition and in a healthy control participant. Credit: Radiological Society of North America (RSNA)
“Importantly, the severity of fatigue symptoms correlated with these blood flow changes, suggesting a possible biological basis for the patients’ ongoing symptoms,” Dr. Pöhler said.
In addition to poor blood flow, a subgroup of long COVID patients with cardiopulmonary symptoms, such as shortness of breath, also showed a reduction of air movement and reach in the lungs.
The researchers suggest that continuous monitoring of lung abnormalities in children with long COVID at various stages of the condition could help guide therapeutic interventions and monitoring strategies.
“Quantitative lung MRI establishes a potential imaging biomarker profiling and helps to enable disease severity follow-up for this complex condition in the future,” Dr. Pöhler said.
More information: Phase-resolved Functional Lung MRI Reveals Distinct Lung Perfusion Phenotype in Children and Adolescents with Post-COVID-19 Syndrome, Radiology (2025).
Provided by Radiological Society of North America
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