Secret of getting children to get their greens is revealed by Dutch researchers

EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE STUDY OF OBESITY

New research being presented at this year’s European Congress on Obesity (ECO) in Maastricht, the Netherlands (4-7 May), has found that toddlers eat more vegetables if they are rewarded for trying them.

Healthy eating habits can lower the risk of obesity, cardiovascular disease and cancer. But, as many parents know, young children often don’t like eating their greens.

“It’s important to start eating vegetables from a young age,” says researcher Britt van Belkom, of the Youth, Food & Health programme at the Institute for Food, Health & Safety by Design, Maastricht University Campus Venlo, Venlo, The Netherlands. “We know from previous research that young children typically have to try a new vegetable eight to ten times before they like it.

“And so we looked at whether repeatedly asking children to try some vegetables would make them more willing to eat their greens.  We were also interested in whether providing a fun reward would make a difference.”

598 children (1-4 years old) at day care centres in Limburg, the Netherlands, took part in “The Vegetable Box” programme.

Miss van Belkom and colleagues randomly assigned them to one of three groups: Exposure/Reward, Exposure/No reward or Control (No exposure/No reward).

	Total	Exposure/Reward	Exposure/No reward	No exposure/No reward
N day-care centres	26	10	9	7
N children (pre-test)	598	233	213	152
N children (post-test)	447	182	162	103

Those in the first two groups were given the chance to try a range of vegetables every day they attended their day care centre for three months.

Those in the “Reward” group were given fun, non-food rewards, such as a sticker or toy crown, when they tried some vegetables.

Knowledge of vegetables and willingness to taste them was measured at the start and end of the study.  Knowledge was measured by showing them 14 different vegetables and asking them how many they could name. The 14 are tomato, lettuce, cucumber, carrot, bell pepper, onion, broccoli, peas, cauliflower, mushrooms, green beans, chicory, pumpkin, and asparagus.

Consumption was measured by giving them the chance to taste bite-size pieces of six vegetables (tomato, cucumber, carrot, bell pepper, radish and cauliflower) and counting how many they were willing to taste.

At the pre-test in the control group children could identify around 8 vegetables and post-test this increased to around 10. For the Exposure/No reward and the Exposure/Reward groups, at the pre-test children could identify around 9 vegetables and after around 11. 

For willingness to try vegetables, the maximum score was 12 (children offered 2 bite sized chunks of 6 different vegetables). At the pre-test they were willing to try around 5-6 vegetables in all the groups. This decreased in the control group, was unchanged in the Exposure/No reward group and increased towards 7 in the Exposure/Reward group.

Miss van Belkom says: “Regularly offering vegetables to toddlers at day care centres significantly increases their ability to recognise various vegetables.

“But rewarding toddlers for tasting vegetables appears to also increase their willingness to try different vegetables.

“The type of reward is, however, very important – it should be fun but not food.”