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Whether physical exertion feels ‘easy’ or ‘hard’ may be due to dopamine levels, study suggests
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Whether physical exertion feels ‘easy’ or ‘hard’ may be due to dopamine levels, study suggests

by Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Experimental paradigm. a Association phase; Participants were trained to associate between grip force exerted on a handheld dynamometer and effort levels from 0 to 100 (80% of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC)). Each trial began with presentation of the target, followed by an effortful grip with real-time visual feedback of...

Two-color reporter shows cholinergic neurons engage ISR to modulate dopamine levels
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Two-color reporter shows cholinergic neurons engage ISR to modulate dopamine levels

by Bob Yirka , Medical Xpress Using a two-color viral reporter of ISR activation state, striatal CINs were distinguished from other cell types by showing steady-state ISR activation. ISR inhibition altered CIN excitability, inverted the sign of dopamine modulation of CIN firing rate and evoked dopamine release, and increased movement vigor in learned tasks. mAHP,...