by Experimental Biology A probiotic was engineered to endogenously produce L-DOPA from tyrosine using recombinant 4-hydrophenylacetate 3-monooxygenase and FAD reductase genes. The L-DOPA live-biotherapeutic is pre-activated and orally administered. Tests of the new drug delivery approach reveal steady-state plasma L-DOPA levels and brain dopamine levels in pre-clinical animal models. Credit: Piyush Padhi, University of Georgia...