by Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (F.S.P.) The figure illustrates the role of the mitochondrial Ca2+/Na+ exchanger (NCLX) in the early adaptation to low oxygen concentrations (hypoxia) through the entry of sodium into the mitochondrial interior. This role is exemplified by hypoxic vasoconstriction of the pulmonary artery, which connects the heart to the...
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be induced to make cartilage by incubating the cells with particular growth factors. Unfortunately, batches of MSCs show respectable variability from patient-to-patient. Therefore the growth factor-dependent method suffers from poor efficacy, limited reproducibility from batch-to-batch, and the cell types that are induced are not always terribly stable. Finding a better...
