A bone density scan, also known as a DEXA scan, is a procedure that measures the amount of calcium and other minerals in a bone by passing x-rays with two different energy levels through the bone. It shows the strength and thickness of a bone and is usually done in the lower spine, hip, lower arm, wrist, fingers, and heel. It can predict how likely the bones are to break while also measuring fat and muscle composition in specific parts of the body, such as the arms, legs, and pelvis. The scan may sometimes be referred to as a BMD scan, bone densitometry, bone mineral density scan, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and DXA.
It is recommended that females over age 65 and males over age 70 have at least one bone density scan. The ideal frequency may vary, depending on the results. People receiving treatment for osteoporosis may require a scan every 1 or 2 years.
What is a bone density scan used for?
• Diagnose osteopenia (low bone mass)
• Diagnose osteoporosis
• Predict the risk of future fractures
• Access bone strength
• Calculate the bone density
• Measure the fat mass
• Check treatment efficiency
Why do I need a bone density scan?
Most women aged 65 or older should have a bone density scan. Women in this age group are at high risk of losing bone density, which can lead to fractures. You may also be at risk for low bone density if you:
• Have a very low body weight
• Have had one or more fractures after the age of 50
• Have lost a half inch or more in height within one year
• Are a man over the age of 70
• Have a family history of osteoporosis
Other risk factors include:
• Lack of physical activity
• Smoking cigarettes
• Heavy drinking
• Not enough calcium and vitamin D in your diet
What to expect from a bone density scan:
You may need to lie with your legs straight, or you may be asked to rest your legs on a padded platform. A scanning machine will then pass over your lower spine and hip. At the same time, another scanning machine called a photon generator will pass beneath you. The images from the two machines will be combined and sent to a computer. A health care provider will view the images on the computer screen. While the machines are scanning, you will need to remain very still. You may be asked to hold your breath.
Are there any risks?
A bone density scan uses very low doses of radiation. It is safe for most people. But it is not recommended for pregnant women. Even low doses of radiation could harm an unborn baby. Be sure to tell your provider if you are pregnant or think you may be pregnant.
How long does a bone density scan take?
The scan is painless and relatively quick, usually taking 10-30 minutes depending on the equipment and the areas being scanned. Some experts report that it can take as few as 6 minutes.
What do the results mean?
Bone density results are often given in the form of a “T” score. A T score is a measurement that compares your bone density with the bone density of a healthy 30-year-old. A low T score means you probably have some bone loss.
Results may show one of the following:
• A T score of -1.0 or higher is considered normal bone density
• A T score between -1.0 and -2.5 means you have low bone density (osteopenia) and may be at risk for developing osteoporosis
• A T score of -2.5 or less means you probably have osteoporosis
If your results show you have low bone density, your health care provider will recommend steps to prevent further bone loss. These may include:
• Getting more exercise, with activities such cardiovascular and strength training.
• Adding calcium and vitamin D to your diet
• Taking prescription medicines to increase bone density
Benefits of bone density scans:
• Incredibly accurate for bone density measurement
• Fast and easy, taking less than 30 minutes
• Painless and noninvasive
• Ability to detect early signs of osteoporosis and other serious bone conditions
• Affordable and often covered by insurance
• Safe with no known side effects
• Most effective way to track your bone density over time
To learn more or to schedule a bone density scan, please contact our office at 714-902-9979.
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